Definition
An orphan page has no incoming internal links from anywhere on the same site. Engines might find it via the XML sitemap but treat it as low-importance because nothing on the site signals 'this page matters'. Common cause: a page got created, the navigation never got updated, and the page falls out of the link graph.
/blog/old-post-2020 exists, indexed via sitemap, but no other page links to it. Googlebot crawls quarterly; GPTBot might never recrawl. Citations are minimal.
How to optimize
Run an internal-links audit (Screaming Frog, Sitebulb, or VectorCite site audit). For each orphan: either link it from a related pillar/post OR noindex it OR delete it.
